After the partisan passions and heated rhetoric, the disruptions of a government shutdown and displays of dysfunction, Congress did what it could have done weeks ago: voted to fund the government and lift the debt limit.
The passage last night by wide margins -- an 81-18 vote in the Democratic-led Senate, followed by a 285-144 vote in the Republican-controlled House -- allows the U.S. to avoid default and ends the shutdown that began Oct. 1 and has taken $24 billion out of the U.S. economy.
President Obama signed the bill just after midnight, according to a White House statement. The measure puts government workers back on the job starting today and permits the U.S. to pay its debts, benefits and salaries.
Well begin reopening our government immediately and we can begin to lift this cloud of uncertainty and unease from our businesses and from the American people, Obama said last night at the White House after the Senate voted.
Lawmakers didnt show theyre any closer to resolving the underlying issues of spending priorities and deficit-reduction measures, particularly in the House where a shrinking political middle makes compromise elusive as the latest events show.
The focus now shifts to a new series of deadlines -- the first for budget negotiations with a Dec. 13 target -- that set up more rounds of political combat over taxes and spending on programs including Social Security and Medicare. The deal funds the government at Republican-backed spending levels through Jan. 15, 2014, and suspends the debt limit through Feb. 7.
HEALTH LAW
Tea Party-allied Republicans, such as Texas Senator Ted Cruz, said they would find ways to keep up the fight against Obamas health-care law.
The Republican Party has learned a lesson here, and I think youre going to see a more mainstream Republican Party, Senator Charles Schumer, a New York Democrat, said today on MSNBCs Morning Joe program. I dont think well have the same kind of brinkmanship on Jan. 15 and Feb. 7.
The votes conclude a four-week fiscal standoff that began with Republicans demanding defunding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and objecting to raising the debt limit and funding the government without policy conditions.
WRONG FIGHT
They achieved almost none of those goals. Obama and the uncharacteristically unified congressional Democrats stared down Republicans, particularly those allied with the Tea Party movement, who had sought to use the shutdown and debt ceiling as leverage even as more experienced lawmakers realized they didnt have the votes.
Judd Gregg, a former New Hampshire Republican senator and veteran of Obamas first-term fiscal commission, said members of his party took on the wrong fight when they made it about Obamas health-care law. Gregg is now chief executive officer of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.
It was an exercise in dysfunctional government, Gregg said in an interview. It was a loser position from the beginning because there was no way in divided government youre ever going to repeal Obamacare. We should have been debating as Republicans how we fix our fiscal house.
The practice of governing by crisis has become so established in Washington that financial markets werent disturbed by the impasse, correctly anticipating a deal would come at the last moment as happened in a similar standoff two years ago.
STOCKS RALLIED
U.S. stocks rallied yesterday on news of the agreement, sending the Standard & Poors 500 Index toward a record. The benchmark index rose 1.4 percent to 1,721.54 in New York after sliding 0.7 percent when the deal looked uncertain the previous day. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 205.82 points, or 1.4 percent, to 15,373.83.
The Stoxx Europe 600 Index fell 0.2 percent to 314.86 at 1:16 p.m. in London. Standard & Poors 500 Index futures slipped 0.1 percent, while the MSCI Asia Pacific Index added 1 percent.
In China, Dagong Global Credit Rating Co. downgraded its local and foreign-currency assessments of the U.S. to A- from A. Dagong is based in Beijing and one of the nations four biggest credit-rating companies. China has the largest foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries, and the latest monthly U.S. government figures showed it increased its total in July.
OFFICES OPEN
Federal agencies were instructed to begin opening offices today in a prompt and orderly manner and furloughed employees were told to return to work, according to a memo from White House budget office Director Sylvia Burwell.
We will work closely with departments and agencies to make the transition back to full operating status as smooth as possible, Burwell said in the memo released early today.
Still, the 16-day shutdown hasnt been cost-free. It has taken a toll on workers who lost paychecks -- furloughed employees will receive back pay -- and on the U.S. economy. Standard & Poors said yesterday the shutdown has shaved at least 0.6% from fourth-quarter 2013 gross domestic product growth, or taken $24 billion out of the economy.
Millions suffered, Schumer said. Millions didnt get paychecks. The economy was dragged down and confidence and faith in United States credit and in the United States around the world was shaken.
Macroeconomic Advisers LLC said in a report prepared this week for the Peter G. Peterson Foundation that the budget fights in Washington have lowered U.S. economic growth by about 0.3 percentage points a year since 2009. The fiscal standoff added more than a half-point to this years unemployment rate, or the equivalent of about 900,000 jobs, the report said.
NORMAL PACE
It may be weeks or even months before the government resumes issuing loans, payments and contracts at a normal pace. The budget impasse also raised doubts that will linger about U.S. reliability among major creditor nations such as China and frustrated many Americans.
The compromise we reached will provide our economy with the stability it desperately needs, said Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. The Nevada Democrat negotiated the agreement with his Republican counterpart, Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, after House Speaker John Boehner, an Ohio Republican, was unable to come to terms within his caucus.
It would appear as though were kicking the can down the road one more time, Representative Jim Bridenstine, an Oklahoma Republican, said in an interview.
BUSINESS BACKING
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the countrys largest business group, supported the agreement, as did the Business Roundtable, an association of large-company chief executives. Several small-government groups, including the Club for Growth and Heritage Action for America, urged lawmakers to vote against the accord.
The votes were held just hours before the nation was set to exhaust its borrowing authority, which the Obama administration had warned would have dire consequences within days given global reliance on U.S. Treasuries.
The Senate accord was unveiled a day after Fitch Ratings put the U.S. AAA credit grade on ratings watch negative, citing the governments inability to raise the debt ceiling in a timely manner. After a 2011 debt-ceiling fight, Standard & Poors downgraded the United States credit rating to AA+ from AAA, criticizing the nations political process and lawmakers for failing to cut spending or raise revenue enough to reduce the budget deficit.
BOEHNER ACCEDES
Boehner, acceding to the demands of the White House and Democratic-led Senate, said in a statement that blocking the bipartisan deal would only create a risk of default on U.S. debt, which he previously said would not happen.
Republicans say Boehners willingness to heed their concerns will leave his position as speaker unchallenged in the year ahead.
We fought the good fight, Boehner said yesterday on Cincinnatis WLW, a radio station in his home state of Ohio. We just didnt win.
At the end of a weeks-long stalemate, Obama managed to stave off a frontal assault on his health-care law by House Republicans and forced them to surrender on raising the U.S. debt ceiling without conditions.
Its clearly a win for the president, said Patrick Griffin, a congressional lobbyist in the administration of President Bill Clinton, who faced two government shutdowns and a combative Republican Congress. Whether its a battle win or a war win for the president we dont know. The next battle will come soon.
2014 ELECTION
The reaction of independents may determine whether Republicans have a chance to make inroads in the Senate in the 2014 election. Republicans need a net gain of six seats to win the majority in the 100-member chamber. Democrats are defending seven seats in states Republican Mitt Romney won in the 2012 presidential election.
For now, the default debate, coupled with the shutdown of the government, has been to the detriment of Senate Republicans, said Jennifer Duffy, senior editor of the Washington-based Cook Political Report, which tracks congressional contests. The Republicans path to the majority was narrow before the shutdown and has gotten considerably more narrow since.
While public opinion polling shows Americans disproportionately blame Republicans for their handling of the debt fight, members have more than a year before they have to face voters again in midterm elections.
The Tea Party is less popular than ever, with many Republicans viewing the movement negatively, according to a poll released yesterday by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in Washington. Overall, 49% of the public has an unfavorable opinion of the Tea Party, up from 45% in June, while 30 have a favorable opinion, down from 37% two months ago.
Those numbers may be misleading, as the Tea Party movement is most effective as a political force in Republican-dominated Congressional districts where incumbents look for a primary challenge.
